- Ken Sprague
Ken Sprague (1927–2004) was an English
socialist political cartoonist ,journalist and activist, involved intrade union ,civil rights and peace movements. In later life he was also a TV presenter and a psychotherapist.Sprague was concerned with how politics impacted on the ordinary person. "In essence, the leitmotif of his work is about power and the abuse of power as well as the resilience of ordinary working people to this abuse... It is an art of engagement – engagement for change." (John Green, from the Introduction to "Ken Sprague – People’s Artist".)
Martin Rowson said "Ken's art has the power and strength to inspire. He is the true heir, as a socialist artist, ofWilliam Morris ."Early years
Sprague was born in
Bournemouth , to a father who was a train driver and a mother who worked in a cardboard box factory. His first work of art, in 1937, in response to theGuernica air raid in theSpanish Civil War , was alinocut made fromlinoleum torn from the kitchen floor. Printed on his mother'smangle , it was used on collecting sheets for Spain.He was educated at Alma Road Elementary School — until it was bombed during
World War II — and Porchester Road Secondary Modern School. There the headmaster, noticing his talent, recommended that he apply to the local art college. He won a scholarship to Bournemouth Municipal College and, from 13 and a half, studied graphics — since in those days students of his background were rarely considered forfine arts courses.One morning in 1944 he volunteered for the
Royal Marines , aged 17, — and that same afternoon, inSouthampton , he joined the Communist Party. After basic military training he was transferred to Vickers-Supermarine as a technical artist, working onejector seat s for Spitfires. He was also sent toYugoslavia to bring back an ejector seat from a German plane the partisans had shot down, during which visit he adopted the bighandlebar moustache that was to become his trademark for the rest of his life.Postwar, and after a summer stint in a circus, he completed his college diploma course in design and illustration. The Communist Party, he told his biographer, was his university, but after the "
Bournemouth Daily Echo " had labelled him a college revolutionary, local job prospects dwindled. He briefly worked for a volunteerlabour battalion in Yugoslavia, and was employed by the Boy Scouts.Activist journalist/artist
Between 1950 and 1954 Sprague worked in a
Carlisle mining company design office — doubling as a cartoonist for the local Conservative and Liberal newspapers. Then came a move to London as the "Daily Worker "’s publicity manager, which also had him working as a journalist and cartoonist. Devastated by the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956, in 1959 Sprague left to set up, with Ray Barnard, the publicity company, Mountain & Molehill (M&M). Yet he continued producing cartoons for the Worker, and its successor "The Morning Star ", into the 21st century.M&M — later The Working Arts — was responsible for some of the most innovative
trade union campaigns of the 1960s and 1970s. Sprague told union leaders they had to use publicity to win hearts and minds and to see it as an integral part of union work. And it was Sprague and Barnard who initiated the sensational 1961 visit to Britain of the first man in space, Soviet cosmonautYuri Gagarin , inviting the former foundry worker to speak to the Amalgamated Union of Foundry Workers (now part ofAmicus ). M&M also worked for the Indian High Commission, which led to a meeting withJawaharlal Nehru .During the 50s and 60s Sprague also did several set designs for the left-wing
Unity Theatre , including productions ofGeorge Bernard Shaw 's "The Apple Cart ",Anton Chekhov 's "The Cherry Orchard " andArthur Miller 's "The Crucible ".In the late 1960s Ken began editing the
Transport and General Workers Union ’s "The Record", transforming it into a lively newspaper, and illustrating it with his own cartoons. In 1976 he edited the anti-fascist magazine "Searchlight" for some months, before being sacked when he published a criticism of Israeli oppression of Palestinians.As a poster and print-maker he worked with a number of leading progressive organisations and individuals, including
Pete Seeger . He drew political cartoons for the "Daily Worker" and its successor the "Morning Star", and for "Tribune" and "Peace News". He created posters for among othersMartin Luther King and theGreenham Common Women's Peace Camp . He created posters againstEdward Heath ’sIndustrial Relations Act 1971 and the 1984 miners' strike, but among his most powerful works are those relating to war, including the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia, theIran-Iraq war , and the Kosovo war. He was awar artist during the Iran-Iraq war, accompanying an Iraqi regiment during an attack on the oil town ofAbadan when it lost 582 men in a single day. He metSaddam Hussein and sketched him. He encountered some criticism form comrades, given Hussein's brutal dictatorship (including CIA-supported slaughter of communists), but Sprague maintained he was documenting the horrors of war, the subject which had first brought him to political art. He won several prestigious awards, including poster of the year award from the National Council of Industrial Design on two occasions.His
linocut s for the radical collective Cinema Action’s "Kill The Bill" film (1971), relating to the Industrial Relations Bill, began an involvement in moving images, which led to Jeff Perks’s 1976 BBC Omnibus documentary "The Posterman". This led to a series ofChannel 4 films, devised with Jeff Perks and presented by Ken, called "Everyone A Special Kind Of Artist" (1986). There was also a 1979BBC South West series, "The Moving Line", withJoan Bakewell .Later life
In 1971 he moved with his wife, Sheila, a talented potter, to Holwell, a farmhouse in
Devon , and converted it into an artistic centre. Sheila died of cancer in 1973, but with his second wife, Marcia, he set up the Holwell International Centre For Psychodrama and Sociodrama which continued until 1998. There Ken combined his artistic talents with pedagogic expertise, using them in this new field in which he became a leading practitioner. The project unexpectedly collapsed when it was discovered it should have been chargingVAT to its clients, hitting the Centre with a £40,000Customs and Excise bill. Ken and Marcia moved to a smaller house in Lynton, where they continued the work, but later divorced.He left the Communist Party after its acrimonious split in 1988. He continued to call himself a communist, however, saying “The party left me, I didn’t leave the party”.
Books
* John Green (2002), " [http://arterypublications.co.uk/books/ken_sprague_peoples_artist.htm Ken Sprague: People's Artist] ", Hawthorn Press in partnership with Artery Publications
External links
* [http://www.kenspraguefund.org Ken Sprague Fund] , commemorating his life and work, runs the [http://www.kenspraguefund.org/competition.html Ken Sprague International Political Cartoon Competition]
* "New Internationalist ", March 2005, [http://www.newint.org/issue376/essay.htm "Ken Sprague: David Ransom pays tribute to an unheralded genius"]
* Carl Dutton, "Nerve magazine",April 8 , 2006, [http://www.catalystmedia.org.uk/issues/nerve8/ken_sprague.htm "Ken Sprague - People's Artist"]
* John Green, "The Guardian ",August 6 , 2004, [http://www.guardian.co.uk/arts/news/obituary/0,12723,1277563,00.html "Ken Sprague: Radical artist in the service of socialism"]
* Karl Dallas, "The Independent ",August 2 , 2004, " [http://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/ken-sprague-550207.html Ken Sprague: Political artist who sought to build 'a picture road to socialism'] "
* [http://homepages.nildram.co.uk/~jimella/sprague/cartoon.htm Political Cartoons by Ken Sprague]
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