- Bleda
:"This article is about the brother of
Attila theHun . For thebulbul genus , see "Bleda (bird) .Bleda [Priscus : "Βλήδας";Procopius : "Βλέδας"] (c. 390-445) was aHun ruler.As nephews to
Rugila , Bleda and his younger brother Attila succeeded him to thethrone . His reign lasted for eleven years until his death. While it has been speculated throughout history that Attila murdered him on a hunting trip, no one knows how he died. One of the few things known about Bleda is that, after the great Hun campaign of 441, he acquired aMoorish dwarf namedZerco . Bleda was highly amused by Zerco, and went so far as to make a suit of armor for the dwarf so that Zerco could accompany him on campaign.Bleda (Buda) and Attila's rule
By 432 the Huns were united under Rugila. His death in 434 left his nephews Attila and Bleda (the sons of his brother Mundzuk) in control over all the united Hun tribes. At the time of their accession, the Huns were bargaining with Byzantine emperor
Theodosius II 's envoys over the return of several renegade tribes who had taken refuge within theByzantine Empire . The following year Attila and Bleda met with the imperial legation at Margus (present-dayPožarevac ) and, all seated on horseback in the Hunnic manner, negotiated a successful treaty: the Romans agreed not only to return the fugitive tribes (who had been a welcome aid against theVandals ), but also to double their previous tribute of 350 Roman pounds (ca. 114.5 kg) of gold, open their markets to Hunnish traders, and pay a ransom of eight "solidi" for each Roman taken prisoner by the Huns. The Huns, satisfied with the treaty, decamped from the empire and returned to their home, perhaps to consolidate and strengthen their empire. Theodosius used this opportunity to strengthen the walls ofConstantinople , building the city's first sea wall, and to build up his border defenses along theDanube .The Huns remained out of Roman sight for the next five years as they tried to invade the
Persian Empire . A defeat inArmenia caused them to abandon this attempt and return their attentions toEurope . In 440 they reappeared on the borders of the Roman Empire, attacking the merchants at the market on the north bank of the Danube that had been established by the treaty. Attila and Bleda threatened further war, claiming that the Romans had failed to fulfill their treaty obligations and that the bishop of Margus had crossed the Danube to ransack and desecrate the royal Hun graves on the Danube's north bank. They crossed the Danube and laid waste to Illyrian cities and forts on the river, among them, according to Priscus,Viminacium , which was a city of theMoesia ns inIllyria . Their advance began at Margus, for when the Romans discussed handing over the offending bishop, he slipped away secretly to the Huns and betrayed the city to them.Theodosius had stripped the river's defenses in response to the Vandal
Gaiseric 's capture ofCarthage in 440 and theSassanid Yazdegerd II 's invasion of Armenia in 441. This left Attila and Bleda a clear path through Illyria into theBalkans , which they invaded in 441. The Hunnish army, having sacked Margus and Viminacium, took Singidunum (modernBelgrade ) andSirmium before halting. A lull followed in 442 and during this time Theodosius recalled his troops fromNorth Africa and ordered a large new issue of coins to finance operations against the Huns. Having made these preparations, he thought it safe to refuse the Hunnish kings' demands.Attila and Bleda responded by renewing their campaign in 443. Striking along the Danube, they overran the military centers of
Ratiaria and successfully besiegedNaissus (modern Niš) withbattering ram s androlling tower s (military sophistication that was new to the Hun repertory), then pushing along theNisava they tookSerdica (Sofia), Philippopolis (Plovdiv) andArcadiopolis (Luleburgaz). They encountered and destroyed the Roman force outside Constantinople and were only halted by their lack of siege equipment capable of breaching the city's massive walls. Theodosius admitted defeat and sent the court official Anatolius to negotiate peace terms, which were harsher than the previous treaty: the Emperor agreed to hand over 6,000 Roman pounds (ca. 1,963 kg) of gold as punishment for having disobeyed the terms of the treaty during the invasion; the yearly tribute was tripled, rising to 2,100 Roman pounds (ca. 687 kg) in gold; and the ransom for each Roman prisoner rose to twelve "solidi."Their demands met for a time, the Hun kings withdrew into the interior of their empire. According to
Jordanes (following Priscus), sometime during the peace following the Huns' withdrawal from Byzantium (probably around 445), Bleda died (killed by his brother, according to the classical sources), and Attila took the throne for himself.References
ee also
*
Buda (Bleda),Hungary
*Budapest
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