Outline of Estonia

Outline of Estonia
The location of Estonia
An enlargeable map of the Republic of Estonia

The Republic of Estonia is a sovereign country located in the Baltic region of Northern Europe.[1] Estonia is bordered to the north by Finland across the Gulf of Finland, to the west by Sweden, to the south by Latvia (343 km), and to the east by the Russian Federation (338,6 km).[2] The territory of Estonia covers 45,227 km² and is influenced by a temperate seasonal climate.

The Estonians are a Finnic people closely related to the Finns, with the Estonian language sharing many similarities to Finnish. The modern name of Estonia is thought to originate from the Roman historian Tacitus, who in his book Germania (ca. AD 98) described a people called the Aestii. Similarly, ancient Scandinavian sagas refer to a land called Eistland. Early Latin and other ancient versions of the name are Estia and Hestia. Until the late 1930s, the name was often written as Esthonia in most English speaking countries.

Estonia is a democratic parliamentary republic and is divided into fifteen counties. The capital and largest city is Tallinn. Estonia has been a member of the United Nations since 17 September 1991[3] of the European Union since 1 May 2004[4] and of NATO since 29 March 2004.[5] Estonia has also signed the Kyoto protocol. With only 1.3 million inhabitants, it comprises one of the smallest populations of the European Union countries.

The settlement of modern day Estonia began around 8500 BC, immediately after the Ice Age. Over the centuries, the Estonians were subjected to Danish, Teutonic, Swedish and Russian rule. Foreign rule in Estonia began in 1227, when as a consequence of the Northern Crusades the area was conquered by Danes and Germans. From 1228–1562, parts or most of Estonia were incorporated into the loosely organized Livonian Confederation of Teutonic Knights, during which time economic activity centered around the Hanseatic League. In the 16th century, Estonia passed to Swedish rule until 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire. The Estophile Enlightenment Period (1750–1840) led to a national awakening in the mid-19th century. In 1918 the Estonian Declaration of Independence was issued, to be followed by the Estonian War of Independence, which resulted in the Tartu Peace Treaty recognizing Estonian independence in perpetuity. During World War II, Estonia was occupied and annexed first by the Soviet Union[6][7][8] and subsequently by Third Reich, only to be re-occupied by the Soviet Union in 1944.

Estonia regained its independence on 20 August 1991. It has since embarked on a rapid program of social and economic reform. Today, the country has gained recognition for its economic freedom[9] its adaptation of new technologies[10] and as one of the world's fastest growing economies.[11]

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Estonia:

General reference

An enlargeable relief map of Estonia

Geography of Estonia

An enlargeable topographic map of Estonia
 Latvia 343 km
 Russia 290 km

Environment of Estonia

An enlargeable satellite image of Estonia

Natural geographic features of Estonia

Regions of Estonia

Administrative divisions of Estonia

Main article: Administrative divisions of Estonia
Provinces of Estonia
Counties of Estonia
Municipalities of Estonia
  • Capital of Estonia: Tallinn
  • Cities of Estonia

Demography of Estonia

Main article: Demographics of Estonia

Government and politics of Estonia

Main article: Government of Estonia and Politics of Estonia

Branches of the government of Estonia


Executive branch of the government of Estonia

Legislative branch of the government of Estonia

  • Parliament of Estonia

Judicial branch of the government of Estonia

Foreign relations of Estonia

International organization membership

The Republic of Estonia is a member of:[1]

Law and order in Estonia

Main article: Law of Estonia

Military of Estonia

Main article: Military of Estonia

Local government in Estonia

History of Estonia

Main article: History of Estonia, Timeline of the history of Estonia, and Current events of Estonia

Culture of Estonia

Main article: Culture of Estonia

Art in Estonia

Sport in Estonia

Main article: Sport in Estonia

Economy and infrastructure of Estonia

Main article: Economy of Estonia

Education in Estonia

Main article: Education in Estonia

See also

References

External links

Wikimedia Atlas of Estonia


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