Hotaki dynasty

Hotaki dynasty

The Hotaki dynasty (1709-1738) was founded in 1709 by Mirwais Khan Hotak, an ethnic Pashtun ("Afghan") from the Ghilzai clan [See Malleson, George Bruce (1879) "Chapter 7: The Ghilzai Rule" "History of Afghanistan, from the Earliest Period to the Outbreak of the War of 1878" W.H. Allen & Co., London, [http://worldcat.org/oclc/4219393 OCLC 4219393] , limited view at [http://www.google.co.uk/books?id=pqNGBEmHUd4C Google Books] , for details on the origins of Mir Wais, chief of the Ghilzai tribe.] of Kandahar province in modern-day Afghanistan. Mirwais and his followers rose against the Persian Safavid rule starting in the city of Kandahar in 1709. He began his rule by killing Gurgin Khan, the Georgian-born governor of Kandahar, who was representing the Persian kings. Next, Mirwais ordered the deaths of the remaining Persian government officials in the region. The Ghilzai Afghans then defeated the Persian army that was dispatched from Isfahan (capital of the Safavid Empire).

Mirwais Khan Hotak died peacefully in 1715 from natural cause and was succeeded by his son Mir Mahmud Hotaki, who later led his army to invade Persia. In 1722, Mir Mahmud sacked the city of Isfahan and declared himself Shah of Persia (meaning "King of Persia"). However, the great majority still rejected the Ghilzai regime as usurping. For the next 7 years the Hotaki became the de facto rulers of eastern Persia and the Peshawar Valley.

The Hotaki dynasty was a troubled and violent one as internecine conflict made it difficult to establish permanent control. The dynasty lived under great turmoil due to bloody succession feuds that made their hold on power tenuous, and after the massacre of thousands of civilians in Isfahan – including more than three thousand religious scholars, nobles, and members of the Safavid family – the Hotaki dynasty was eventually removed from power in Persia. [Prof. D. Balland, "Ašraf Ghilzai", in Encyclopaedia Iranica, Online Edition 2006, ( [http://www.iranica.com/newsite/articles/v2f8/v2f8a024.html LINK] )] [Encyclopaedia Britannica - "The Hotakis (from Afghanistan)"... [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-21394/Afghanistan Link] ] In October 1729, they were defeated by Nader Shah, head of the Afsharids, in the Battle of Damghan and pushed back to what is now Afghanistan. Nadershah marched his army through Kandahar in 1738 and eliminated the Hotaki dynasty. [Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx, and Mujahid By Ralph H. Magnus, Eden Naby, page 29 ]

See also

*History of Afghanistan
*History of Iran

References and footnotes

External links

* [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-21394/Afghanistan Encyclopaeda Britannica - The Hotakis (from Afghanistan)]
* [http://www.afghanland.com/history/hotak.html Afghanland - Mirwais Khan Hotak]



Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Нужно решить контрольную?

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Hotaki — 1709 – 1738 Histoire et évènements 1709 Fondation de la dynastie par Mirwais Khan Hot …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Mahmud Hotaki — Shah Mahmud Hotaki Emir of Afghanistan/Shah of Iran Sketch work of Mir Mahmud Shah Reign Hotaki Empire: 17 …   Wikipedia

  • Khwarazmian dynasty — For other uses, see Khwarezmian (disambiguation). Khwarazmian Empire خوارزمشاهیان Khwārazmshāhiyān Harzemşahlar …   Wikipedia

  • Buyid dynasty — Buyid Empire آل بویه Āl e Buye ← …   Wikipedia

  • Safavid dynasty — Infobox Former Country native name =صفویان conventional long name = The Safavid Iranian Empire common name = Safavids| continent = Asia region = Middle East country = Iran era = status = Empire status text = empire = government type = Monarchy| | …   Wikipedia

  • Dulafid dynasty — The Dulafid or Dolafid dynasty was an Arab dynasty that served as governors of Jibal for the Abbasid caliphs in the 9th century. During the weakening of the authority of the caliphs after 861, their rule in Jibal became increasingly independent… …   Wikipedia

  • Mir Mahmud Hotaki — (1697? April 25 1725) was an Afghan tribal leader who overthrew the Safavid dynasty to become Shah of Persia in 1722. He was the eldest son of Mirwais Khan Hotak, the leader of the Ghilzai Afghans of Kandahar, who had successfully rebelled… …   Wikipedia

  • History of Afghanistan — Timeline …   Wikipedia

  • Afghanistan — Islamic Republic of Afghanistan جمهوری اسلامی افغانستان Jomhūrī ye Eslāmī ye Afġānistān (Persian) د افغانستان اسلامي جمهوریت Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat …   Wikipedia

  • Durrani Empire — د درانیانو واکمني ←   ← …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”