- Ariadne musica
"Ariadne musica" is a collection of organ
music byJohann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer , first published in 1702. The main part of the collection is a cycle of 20 preludes andfugue s in different keys, so "Ariadne musica" is considered an important precursor toJohann Sebastian Bach 'sWell-Tempered Clavier which has a similar structure.The title refers to the Greek myth in which
Theseus is able to find his way out ofMinotaur 'slabyrinth using a ball of threadAriadne , daughter of KingMinos ofCrete , gave him. Similarly, the music in the collection can be said to guide the listener through a labyrinth of keys. Fischer also used Greek mythology to name the pieces in another large scale music collection of his, "Musikalischer Parnassus". The first edition of "Ariadne musica" was made in 1702 inSchlackenwerth . The work was reprinted several times during Fischer's life. The original print mentioned byJohann Gottfried Walther in "Musicalisches Lexicon" is now lost, but amanuscript copy survives.Contents
20 preludes and fugues:
* Prelude & Fugue No. 1 in C major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 2 in C-sharp minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 3 in D minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 4 in D major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 5 in E-flat major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 6 in E Phrygian
* Prelude & Fugue No. 7 in E Dorian
* Prelude & Fugue No. 8 in E major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 9 in F minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 10 in F major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 11 in F-sharp minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 12 in G minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 13 in G major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 14 in A-flat major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 15 in A minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 16 in A major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 17 in B-flat major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 18 in B minor
* Prelude & Fugue No. 19 in B major
* Prelude & Fugue No. 20 in C minor5
ricercar s onchorale melodies, each connected with a specificcatholic event:
* Ricercar pro Tempore Adventus, in C major (on "Ave Maria klare", forAdvent )
* Ricercar pro Festis Natalitys, in C major (on "Der Tag der ist so freudenreich", forChristmas )
* Ricercar pro Tempore Quadragesimae, in A minor (on "Da Jesus an dem Kreuze stund", forLent )
* Ricercar pro Festis Paschalibus, in D minor (on "Christ ist erstanden", forEaster )
* Ricercar pro Festis Pentecostalibus, in F major (on "Komm, heiliger Geist", forPentecost )All pieces are quite short, including a few really brief fugues (the 7 bar A minor fugue being the shortest). Most are in common time, with a few exceptions (most notably the E Dorian fugue which is in 12/8). The preludes vary from pieces based on short simplistic
toccata -like passages over long sustained chords (as in, for example, the C major and G major ones) to slightly more complex works with brief imitative passages like this one, from the end of the E-flat major prelude:The fugues are all in four voices, except the A-flat major one which is a five voice fugue. Some are loosely connected thematically to the accompanying preludes.The ricercars all feature themes written in whole and half notes, the C major "Ricercar pro Festis Natalitys" being one notable exception with the theme composed mostly of quarter and eighth notes. Three are marked
alla breve , "Ricercar pro Festis Natalitys" is in common time and the F major ricercar is in 3/2."Ricercar pro Festis Paschalibus" was previously attributed to Johann Sebastian Bach and listed in the BWV catalogue as BWV 746,
chorale prelude "Christ ist erstanden".Connection with Johann Sebastian Bach
The most obvious connection of Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier with "Ariadne Musica" is Bach's use of Fischer's subject in one of the fugues:The six-note subject of the E major four-voice fugue by Fischer (opening bars pictured above, subject highlighted) is used by Bach as the subject of the E major fugue from the second volume of The Well-Tempered Clavier, BWV878/2, also in four voices: Fischer's piece is quite short (although not as short as, for instance, the 8 bar E Phrygian fugue from the same collection) and written predominantly using long note values; Bach's fugue is much more complex, with dense
counterpoint and also much longer - although Fischer's subject makes it into one of the few pieces from the WTC that feature a significant amount of whole and half-notes in all voices.The same six-note subject is found in two 17th century keyboard compositions by the famous
Johann Jakob Froberger : "Fantasia No. 2" and "Ricercar No. 4". The latter's opening bars can be seen below (with the inverted version of the same theme shown in dark pink):Fischer might've learned the theme from Froberger. Additionally, Fischer's E-flat major fugue and Bach's G minor fugue from Book 1 share a similar structure concerning the use of countersubjects; the subject of Bach's fugue is a slightly modified version of Fischer's. Both Bach's and Fischer's C major fugues are heavily based on stretto and their subjects are somewhat similar rhythmically.
Recordings
"Ariadne musica" is rarely performed or recorded, although individual preludes and fugues frequently appear on miscellaneous compilations of
Baroque organ music. Here's a partial list of recordings that feature at least one part of "Ariadne musica" (preludes and fugues or ricercars) in full:
* "German Organ Music vol. 1", Joseph Payne, 1994. Naxos 550964. (on three different organs, ricercars not included)
* "Johann Caspar Ferdinand Fischer: Blumen-Strauss: Complete Organ Works", Serge Schoonbroodt, 2002. AEOLUS AE-10321. (complete recording)
* "A Joy Forever: Opus 41 at Goshen College", Bradley Lehman, 2006. LaripS 1002. (complete recording)
* "J.K.F. Fischer: Ariadne Musica (20 Preludes & Fugues); works of Caldara, Bach, Beethoven, & Sorge", Franz Haselböck. Musical Heritage Society MHS 1634.External links
* [http://www.artlevine.com/baroque.fischer.aspx?SubCategory=39 Free PDF scores of the fugues from "Ariadne musica"]
* [http://www-personal.umich.edu/~bpl/larips/cd1002.html Bradley Lehman's recording] including free samples of all the pieces
Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.