Georges Charpak

Georges Charpak
Georges Charpak

Born 8 March 1924(1924-03-08)
Dąbrowica, Poland (now Dubrovytsia, Ukraine)
Died 29 September 2010(2010-09-29) (aged 86)
Paris, France
Nationality French
Fields Physics
Known for Multiwire proportional chamber
Notable awards Nobel Prize in Physics, 1992

Georges Charpak (8 March[1] 1924 – 29 September 2010) was a French physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992.[2]

Contents

Life

Georges Charpak was born to Jewish family in the village of Dąbrowica in Poland (now Dubrovytsia, Ukraine). Charpak's family moved from Poland to Paris when he was seven years old. During World War II Charpak served in the resistance and was imprisoned by Vichy authorities in 1943. In 1944 he was deported to the Nazi concentration camp at Dachau, where he remained until the camp was liberated in 1945. After classes préparatoires studies at Lycée Saint-Louis in Paris and later at Lycée Joffre in Montpellier,[3] he joined in 1945 the Paris-based École des Mines, one of the most prestigious engineering schools in France. The following year he became a naturalized French citizen. He graduated in 1948, earning the French degree of Civil Engineer of Mines (equivalent to a Master's degree) and started working for the National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS). He received his PhD in 1954 from Nuclear Physics at the Collège de France, Paris, where he worked in the laboratory of Frédéric Joliot-Curie.In 1959, he joined the staff of CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research) in Geneva. This is where he invented the multiwire proportional chamber, which he patented and that quickly superseded the old bubble chambers, allowing for better data processing. He eventually retired from CERN in 1991.In 1980, Georges Charpak became professor-in-residence at École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles in Paris (ESPCI) and held the Joliot-Curie Chair there in 1984. This is where he developed and demonstrated the powerful applications of the particle detectors he invented, most notably for enabling better health diagnostics. He was the co-founder of a number of start-up in the biomedical arena, including Molecular Engines Laboratories, Biospace Instruments and SuperSonic Imagine – together with Mathias Fink.He was elected to the French Academy of Sciences on 20 May 1985. Georges Charpak was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1992 "for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber", with affiliations to both École supérieure de physique et de chimie industrielles (ESPCI) and CERN. This was the last time a single person was awarded the physics prize.[citation needed]


In March, 2001 Charpak received Honorary degree Ph.D from University of the Andes, Colombia in Bogotá.[4]

In France, Charpak was a very strong advocate for nuclear power. Prof. Charpak was a member of the Board of Sponsors of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists.[5]

Publications

Books

Technical Reports

References

  1. ^ Martin, Douglas (2 October 2010). "Georges Charpak, Physics Nobel Winner, Dies at 86". New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/03/science/03charpak.html. "In a speech last year, Dr. Charpak (pronounced shahr-PUCK) said he was born on March 8, 1924, not Aug. 1 as officially recorded." 
  2. ^ French Nobel physics laureate Georges Charpak dies at 86 Earthtimes. 30 September 2010. Retrieved 30 September 2010
  3. ^ "Tribulations d’un immigré d’Europe centrale, Georges Charpak" on Lycée Joffre website (French)
  4. ^ Universidad de los Andes Reglamentación del Doctorado Honoris Causa. Approved 2 December 2009. Retrieved 20 November 2010
  5. ^ Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists: Board of Sponsors. Thebulletin.org. Retrieved on 2011-07-04.

External links


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Look at other dictionaries:

  • Georges Charpak — en 2005 Naissance 8 mars 1924 Doubrovytsia (anciennement Pologne, maintenant Ukraine.) Décès …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Georges Charpak — en 2005 …   Wikipedia Español

  • Georges Charpak — (2005) Georges Charpak (* 1. August 1924 in Dąbrowica, Polen, heute Ukraine; † 29. September 2010 in Paris[1]), war ein französischer …   Deutsch Wikipedia

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  • Charpak — Georges Charpak Georges Charpak Naissance 1er août 1924 Doubrovytsia (Anciennement Pologne) Nationalité française …   Wikipédia en Français

  • Charpak — Georges Charpak (* 1. August 1924 in Dabrovica, Polen, heute Ukraine) ist ein französischer Physiker polnischer Herkunft. 1943 wurde Charpak ins KZ Dachau verschleppt, wo er bis zur Befreiung 1945 gefangen war. 1946 nahm er die französische… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • CHARPAK (G.) — CHARPAK GEORGES (1924 ) Physicien français, né à Dabrovica (Pologne), lauréat du prix Nobel de physique 1992 pour ses travaux sur les détecteurs de particules élémentaires, notamment de la chambre proportionnelle multifils. La famille Charpak… …   Encyclopédie Universelle

  • CHARPAK, GEORGES — (1924– ), French physicist and Nobel Prize laureate. Born in Dabrovica, Poland, Charpak came to France with his parents when he was seven years old. A member of the Resistance in World War II, he was imprisoned by the Vichy authorities in 1943… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Charpak —   [ xarpak, französisch ʃar pak], Georges, französischer Physiker polnischer Herkunft, * Dąbrowica (heute Dubrowiza [Ukraine]) 1. 8. 1924; zwischen 1943 und 1945 im Konzentrationslager Dachau; von 1947 bis 1959 am nationalen französischen… …   Universal-Lexikon

  • Charpak, Georges — ▪ French physicist born Aug. 1, 1924, Poland       Polish born French physicist, winner of the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1992 for his invention of subatomic particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber.       Charpak s… …   Universalium

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