1834 in science

1834 in science

The year 1834 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.

Astronomy

* Hermann Helmholtz proposes gravitational contraction as the energy source for the Sun.
* Johann Heinrich von Mädler and Wilhelm Beer publish "Mappa Selenographica", the most complete map of the moon up until that time.
* Thomas Henderson appointed first astronomer-royal for Scotland.

Biology

* James Paget discovers in human muscle the parasitic worm that causes trichinosis.
* Félix Dujardin proposes that single-cell animals should be classified in a group by themselves.

Geology

* The Triassic is named by Friedrich August von Alberti for the three distinct layers of redbeds, capped by chalk, followed by black shales that are found throughout Germany and Northwest Europe, called the 'Trias'.

Mechanics

* Carl Gustav Jakob Jacobi discovers his uniformly rotating self-gravitating ellipsoids.
* John Scott Russell observes a nondecaying solitary water wave (soliton) in the Union Canal near Edinburgh and uses a water tank to study the dependence of solitary water wave velocities on wave amplitude and water depth.

Physics

* Émile Clapeyron presents a formulation of the second law of thermodynamics.
* Heinrich Lenz discovers Lenz's law.
* Jean-Charles-Athanase Peltier discovers the Peltier effect.
* Michael Faraday publishes "On Electrical Decomposition" in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (in which Faraday coins the words electrode, anode, cathode, anion, cation, electrolyte, electrolyze).

Awards

* Copley Medal: Giovanni Plana

Births

* January 7Johann Philipp Reis (d. 1874), physicist and inventor.
* January 15 - Frederick DuCane Godman (d. 1919), lepidopterist, entomologist and ornithologist.
* January 17 - August Weismann (d. 1914), biologist.
* February 7Dmitri Mendeleev (d. 1907), chemist.
* February 16Ernst Haeckel (d. 1919), zoologist.
* March 17 - Gottlieb Daimler (d. 1900), engineer and automotive pioneer.
* April 30 - John Lubbock (d. 1913), naturalist and archaeologist.
* August 5Ewald Hering (d. 1918), physiologist.
* August 22Samuel Pierpont Langley (d. 1906), astronomer.
* December 15Charles Augustus Young (d. 1908), astronomer.

Deaths

* February 16Lionel Lukin (b. 1742), inventor.
* February 26Alois Senefelder (b. 1771), inventor.
* August 7Joseph Marie Jacquard (b. 1752), inventor.
* October 10Thomas Say (b. 1787), naturalist.


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