Indian epic poetry

Indian epic poetry

Indian epic poetry is the epic poetry written in the Indian subcontinent. Written in Sanskrit, Kannada, Tamil and Hindi, it includes some of the oldest epic poetry ever created and some works form the basis of Hindu scripture.

Sanskrit Epics

The ancient Sanskrit epics, the "Ramayana" and "Mahabharata", also termed Itihāsa (History) or Mahākāvya ("Great Compositions"), refer to epic poems that form a of Hindu scripture. Indeed, the epic form prevailed and verse was and remained until very recently the preferred form of Hindu literary works. Hero-worship was and is a central aspect of Indian culture, and thus readily lent itself to a literary tradition that abounded in epic poetry and literature. The Puranas, a massive collection of verse-form histories of India's many Hindu gods and goddesses, followed in this tradition.

The language of these texts, termed "Epic Sanskrit", constitutes the earliest phase of Classical Sanskrit, following the latest stage of Vedic Sanskrit found in the Shrauta Sutras.

The famous poet and playwright Kālidāsa also wrote two epics: "Raghuvamsha" ("Dynasty of Raghu") and "Kumarasambhava" ("Birth of Kumar Kartikeya"), though they were written in Classical Sanskrit rather than Epic Sanskrit.

Kannada epic poetry

Kannada epic poetry mainly consists of Jain religious literature. The most famous poet from this period is Adikavi Pampa (902-975 CE), one of the most famous writers in the Kannada language. His "Vikramarjuna Vijaya" (also called "pampa bharatha") is hailed as a classic even to this day. With this and his other important work Adipurana he set a trend of poetic excellence for the Kannada poets of the future. The former work is an adaptation of the celebrated Mahabharata, and is the first such adaptation in Kannada. Noted for the strong human bent and the dignified style in his writing, Pampa has been one of the most influential writers in Kannada. He is identified as "Adi kavi". (First poet)It is only in Kannada that we have a Ramayana and a Mahabharata based on the Jaina tradition in addition to those based on Brahmanical tradition.
Shivakotiacharya was the first writer in prose style. His work Vaddaradhane is dated to 900 CE."Sri Ponna" (939-966 CE) is also an important writer from the same period, with "Shanti-Purana" as his magnum opus. Another major writer of the period is "Ranna" (949-? CE). His most famous works are the Jain religious work "Ajita-Tirthankara Purana" and the "Gada-Yuddha" (The Mace fight), a birds' eye view of the Mahabharata, set in the last day of the Battle of Kurukshetra and relating the story of the Mahabharata through a series of flashbacks. Structurally, the poetry in this period is in the "Champu" style, essentially poetry interspersed with lyrical prose.

Tamil Epics

The post-sangam period (2nd century-6th century) saw many great Tamil epics being written, including "Cilappatikaram" (or "Silappadhikaram"), "Manimegalai", "Jeevaga-chintamani", "Valayapati" and "Kundalakesi". Later, during the Chola period, Kamban (12th century) wrote what is considered one of the greatest Tamil epics — the Kamba ramayanam of Kamban, based on the Ramayana.

Hindi Epics

The first epic to appear in Hindi was Tulsidas' (1543-1623) "Ramacharitamanasa", also based on the "Ramayana". It is considered a great classic of Hindi epic poetry and literature, and shows the author Tulsidas in complete command over all the important styles of composition — narrative, epic, lyrical and dialectic. He has given a human character to Rama, the Hindu avatar of Vishnu, portraying him as an ideal son, husband, brother and king.

In modern Hindi literature, Kamayani by Jaishankar Prasad has attained the status of an epic. The narrative of Kamayani is based on a popular mythological story, first mentioned in Satapatha Brahmana. It is a story of the great flood and the central characters of the epic poem are Manu (a male) and Shraddha (a female). Manu is representative of the human psyche and Shradha represents love. Another female character is Ida, who represents rationality. Some critics surmise that the three lead characters of Kamayani symbolize a synthesis of knowledge, action and desires in human life.

ee also


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • Epic poetry — An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significant to a culture or nation. [Michael Meyer, The Bedford Introduction to Literature , Bedford/St. Martin s, 2005,… …   Wikipedia

  • Indian literature — is generally acknowledged as one of the oldest in the world. India has 22 officially recognized languages, and a huge variety of literature has been produced in these languages over the years. In Indian literature, oral is important, as well as… …   Wikipedia

  • Indian poetry — Indian poetry, and Indian literature in general, has a long history dating back to Vedic times. They were written in various Indian languages such as Vedic Sanskrit, Classical Sanskrit, Oriya, Tamil, Kannada, Bengali and Urdu. Poetry in foreign… …   Wikipedia

  • Indian mythology — may refer to:*Indian epic poetry *Vedic mythology *Hindu mythology *Buddhist mythology …   Wikipedia

  • Epic — may refer to: In film and literature: * Epic poetry, a style of poetry * Epic film, a genre of film * Epic fantasy, a subgenre of fantasy fiction * Epic theater, a type of theater. * Epic (novel), a novel by Conor Kostick * Epic Movie , a 2007… …   Wikipedia

  • Poetry — This article is about the art form. For other uses, see Poetry (disambiguation). Literature Major forms Novel · Poem · Drama Short story · Novella …   Wikipedia

  • epic — epically, adv. epiclike, adj. /ep ik/, adj. Also, epical. 1. noting or pertaining to a long poetic composition, usually centered upon a hero, in which a series of great achievements or events is narrated in elevated style: Homer s Iliad is an… …   Universalium

  • Epic of Manas — Manas monument in Bishkek. The Epic of Manas (Kyrgyz: Манас дастаны, Turkish: Manas Destanı) is a traditional epic poem claimed by the Kyrgyz people dating to the 18th century, though it is possibly much older. In some earlier versions, however,… …   Wikipedia

  • INDIAN ARCHITECTURE —    The structural, aesthetic, and symbolic characteristics of Indian architecture are traditionally seen within the shared cultural history of the peoples of the South Asian subcontinent, which includes modern day India and the surrounding… …   Historical Dictionary of Architecture

  • National poetry — This is a list of articles about poetry in a single language or produced by a single nation. World languages will tend to have a large body of poetry contributed to by several nations (Anglosphere, Francophonie, Latin America, German speaking… …   Wikipedia

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”