- Ewe music
Ewe music is the
music of theEwe people ofWest Africa . Instrumentation is primarily percussive and rhythmically the music features great metrical complexity. Its highest form is indance music including adrum orchestra, but there are also work, play, and othersong s. Despite his title Ewe music is featured inA. M. Jones 's "Studies in African Music".Characteristics
Jones describes two "rules" (p.24 and p.17, capitalization his):
#The Unit of Time Rule or the Rule of Twos and Threes: "African [Ewe] phrases are built up of the numbers 2 or 3, or their multiples: or of a combination of 2 and 3 or of the multiples of this combination. Thus a phrase of 10 will be (2 + 3) + (2 + 3) or (2 + 2 + 2) + 4.
#The Rule of Repeats: "Therepeat s within an African [Ewe] song are an integral part of it." If a song is formally "A + A + B + B + B" one cannot leave out, say, one of the B sections.He also lists the following "Features of African [Ewe] Music" (p. 49):
# "Songs appear to be in free rhythm but most of them have a fixed time-background.
# The rule of 2 and 3 in the metrical build of songs.
# Nearly all rhythms which are used in combination are made from simple aggregates of a basic time-unit. A quaver is always a quaver.
# Theclap s or other time-background impart no accent what-ever to the song.
# African [Ewe] melodies are additive: their time-background is divisive.
# The principle ofcross-rhythm s.
# The rests within and at the end of a song before repeats are an integral part of it.
# Repeats are an integral part of the song: they result in many variations of the call and response form (see summary).
# The call and response type of song is usual in Africa [sic] .
# African [Ewe] melodies arediatonic : the major exception being the sequencedominant -sharpenedsubdominant -dominant.
# Short triplets are occasionally used.
# Theteleological trend: many African [Ewe] songs lean towards the "ends" of the lines: it is at the ends where they are likely to coincide with their time-background.
# Absence of the "fermata "."Instruments
Background rhythm section
Gankogui , axatse, and atoke. The Gankogui is a clapperless double bell that is pounded in shape rather than cast. It produces much less audible high partials than western bells ("purer" fundamental) and is played with a stick. It produces two notes each of which vary and must vary among gankogui so they may be used together. Axatse are rattles, and the atoke are high pitched gongs played with an iron rod. The gankogui plays a background pattern which the orchestra builds upon, though the tempo is set by the master drummer. Many patterns from 8-12 beats are used but the decidedly most common pattern is called the Standard Pattern:Drums
Master drum: AtsimewuAsiwui: Sogo, Kidi, Kagan, Bell, Shakers
Dagbamba: Talking drum, Brekete drum
Claps and song
Voice and hands.
ee also
*
Ewe drumming
*Robert Ayitee, Ewe master drummerExternal links
* [http://www.bridgingdevelopment.org/culturepages/music.html BridgingDevelopment.org: Culture pages - Ewe Music]
* [http://www.eweland.com Articles , History on the Ewe Culture]
* [http://ase.tufts.edu/faculty-guide/faculty.asp?id=dlocke&deptId=music David Locke, Tufts University Ethnomusicolgist]
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