Poundal

Poundal

The poundal is a non-SI unit of force. It is a part of the foot-pound-second system of units, a coherent subsystem of English units introduced in 1879, and one of several specialized subsystems of mechanical units used as aids in calculations. It is defined as 1 lb·ft·s−2, or in words, as the force necessary to accelerate a pound of mass at 1 foot per second, per second.1 pdl = 0.138 254 954 376 N exactly.

English units require re-scaling of either force or mass to eliminate a numerical proportionality constant in the equation F = ma. The poundal represents one choice, which is to rescale units of force. Since a pound of force accelerates a pound of "mass" at about 32 ft/s2 (the acceleration of gravity, "g"), we can scale down the unit of force to compensate, giving us one that accelerates 1 pound mass at 1 ft/s² (rather than at 32 ft/s²); and that is the poundal, which is approximately frac|1|32 pounds of force.

For example, a force of 1200 poundals is required to accelerate a person of 150 pounds mass at 8 feet per second squared:

:(150 lbm) × (8 ft/s²) = (1200 pdl)

The poundal-as-force, pound-as-mass system is contrasted with an alternate system in which pounds are used as "force" (pounds-force), and instead, the mass unit is rescaled by a factor of 32. That is, one pound-force will accelerate one pound-mass at 32 feet per second squared; we can scale up the unit of mass to compensate, which will be accelerated by 1 ft/s² (rather than 32 ft/s²) given the application of one pound force; this gives us a unit of mass called the slug, which is about 32 pounds mass. Using this system (slugs and pounds-force), the above expression could be expressed as:

:(4.66 slug) × (8 ft/s²) = (37.3 lbf)

Note that slugs and poundals are never used in the same system, since each exists to solve the same problem, so that both should not be used together.

Rather than changing either force or mass units, one may choose to express acceleration in units of the acceleration due to Earth's gravity (called "g"). In this case, we can keep both pounds-mass and pounds-force, such that applying one pound force to one pound mass accelerates it at one unit of acceleration ("g"):

:(150 lbm) × (0.249 "g") = (37.3 lbf)

The advantage of using poundals (rather than using slugs or "g") is that it is not tied to the conditions on the surface of the Earth, since it is not based on Earth's gravity. One pound-mass exerts a downward force of about one pound-force, but only on Earth's surface; in space or on the moon, for example, one pound-mass does not exert a pound-force under natural gravity conditions, and thus the pound-force becomes an arbitrary unit with no meaningful properties anymore. The pound-mass, however, is the same whether on Earth, in space, or anywhere else, and the poundal— which accelerates it at one foot per second squared— remains relevant.


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  • Poundal — Pound al, n. [From 5th {Pound}.] (Physics & Mech.) A unit of force based upon the pound, foot, and second, being the force which, acting on a pound avoirdupois for one second, causes it to acquire by the of that time a velocity of one foot per… …   The Collaborative International Dictionary of English

  • Poundal —   [paʊndl, englisch] das, / s, Einheitenzeichen pdl, Einheit der Kraft in Großbritannien außerhalb des Internationalen Einheitensystems (SI), 1 pdl = 0,138 N …   Universal-Lexikon

  • poundal — [poun′dəl] n. [ POUND1 + (QUINT)AL] the basic unit of force in the FPS system, equal to the force which imparts an acceleration of one foot per second per second to a mass of one pound (0.1383 newton or 13,825.5 dynes): abbrev. pdl …   English World dictionary

  • poundal — (pdl or pl)    an English unit of force used in engineering. Since traditional measuring systems, including the English system, did not distinguish between force and mass units, the poundal was defined to provide a unit clearly measuring force… …   Dictionary of units of measurement

  • Poundal — Das poundal, kurz pdl, ist eine nicht SI konforme Einheit der Kraft. Es ist ein Teil des absoluten foot pound second angloamerikanischen Maßsystems, eines kohärenten Untersystems der englischen Einheiten, das im Jahre 1879 eingeführt wurde. Es… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • Poundal — Le poundal est une unité anglo saxonne de force, définie comme étant 1 lb ft/s². Elle vaut exactement 1 pdl = 0,138 254 954 376 N. Portail de la physique Catégories : Unité de mécaniqueUnité de me …   Wikipédia en Français

  • poundal — noun Etymology: 1pound + al (as in quintal) Date: 1879 a unit of force equal to the force that would give a free mass of one pound an acceleration of one foot per second per second …   New Collegiate Dictionary

  • poundal — /pown dl/, n. Physics. the foot pound second unit of force, equal to the force that produces an acceleration of one foot per second per second on a mass of one pound. Abbr.: pdl [1875 80; POUND2 + AL2] * * * …   Universalium

  • poundal — noun A unit equal to the force needed to accelerate a mass of one pound at a rate of one foot per second per second …   Wiktionary

  • poundal — The force required to give a mass of 1 lb an acceleration of 1 ft/s2; equal to 0.138255 N. * * * pound·al pau̇nd əl n a unit of force equal to the force that would give a free mass of one pound an acceleration of one foot per second per second …   Medical dictionary

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