New Public Management

New Public Management

:"NPM redirects here. For other uses, see NPM (disambiguation)"

New Public Management is a management philosophy used by governments since the 1980s to modernise the public sector. New Public management is a broad and very complex term used to describe the wave of public sector reforms throughout the world since the 1980s. The main hypothesis in the NPM-reform wave is that more market orientation in the public sector will lead to greater cost-efficiency for governments, without having negative side effects on other objectives and considerations.

Differences from private sector

Jonathan Boston (1996), one of the early writers of NPM, identified several ways in which public organisations differ from the private sector:
* degree of market exposure--reliance on appropriations
* legal, formal constraints--courts, legislature, hierarchy
* subject to political influences
* coerciveness--many state activities unavoidable, monopolistic
* breadth of impact
* subject to public scrutiny
* complexity of objectives, evaluation and decision criteria
* authority relations and the role of managers
* organisational performance
* incentives and incentive structures
* personal characteristics of employees

Boston also identifies that reform tends to ignore these differences (see J. Boston, J. Martin, J. Pallot, and P. Walsh, "Public Management: The New Zealand Model". Auckland: Oxford University Press, 1996).

Later Developments

Some modern authors define NPM as a combination of splitting large bureaucracies into smaller, more fragmented ones, competition between different public agencies, and between public agencies and private firms and incentivization on more economic lines (see Dunleavy, Margetts et al, 2006). Defined in this way NPM was an intellectual force in public management outside the USA from the early 1980s to the early 2000s.

NPM, compared to other public management theories, is more oriented towards outcomes and efficiency through better management of public budget. It is considered to be achieved by applying competition, as it is known in the private sector, to organizations in the public sector, emphasizing economic and leadership principles. New public management addresses beneficiaries of public services much like customers, and conversely citizens as shareholders.

Controversy

Some authors say NPM has peaked and is now in decline. [see Hughes, Owen 2003 "Public Management and Administration: An Introduction", 3rd ed. Bassingstoke. UK: Palgrave] Critics like Dunleavy et al. (2006) now proclaim that NPM is 'dead' and argue that the cutting edge of change has moved on to digital era governance focusing on reintegrating concerns into government control, holistic (or joined-up) government and digitalization (exploiting the Web and digital storage and communication within government).

Privatisation of government seems prominent still however in Australia, Scandinavia, Eastern Europe, and various Asian and Middle Eastern countries.

ee also

* public management
* public administration
* public sector reform
* public services

External links

* [http://www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/debate1.htm The New Public Management and its legacy] - World Bank summary of the NPM track record (1990) (link broken; archived at [http://web.archive.org/web/20051112074952/www1.worldbank.org/publicsector/civilservice/debate1.htm archive.org] )
* [http://www.citymayors.com/finance/kawaguchi_budget.html Analysis of NPM in one Japanese city]


Wikimedia Foundation. 2010.

Игры ⚽ Поможем написать реферат

Look at other dictionaries:

  • New public management — is a management philosophy used by governments since the 1980s to modernise the public sector. New public management is a broad and very complex term used to describe the wave of public sector reforms throughout the world since the 1980s. The… …   Wikipedia

  • New Public Management — Das New Public Management (NPM) bzw. Öffentliche Reformverwaltung bezeichnet eine Richtung innerhalb der Verwaltungsreform und Staatsmodernisierung, die auf der Übernahme privatwirtschaftlicher Managementtechniken beruht. Die Eckpunkte des New… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • New Public Management — Nouvelle gestion publique La nouvelle gestion publique est un concept de gestion publique né dans les années 1970 dans les milieux néo libéraux. Il prône la modernisation du management des administrations publiques dans le but d en améliorer le… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • New public management — Nouvelle gestion publique La nouvelle gestion publique est un concept de gestion publique né dans les années 1970 dans les milieux néo libéraux. Il prône la modernisation du management des administrations publiques dans le but d en améliorer le… …   Wikipédia en Français

  • new public management — naujoji viešoji vadyba statusas T sritis Politika apibrėžtis Nauja vadybos doktrina ir teorija, siejama su M. Weberio idealiosios biurokratijos modelio kritika, orientacija į vartotojų poreikius ir efektyvią vyriausybę. Naujosios viešosios… …   Politikos mokslų enciklopedinis žodynas

  • New Public Management (NPM) — von Professor Dr. Dietrich Budäus I. Begriff und inhaltliche Kennzeichnung NPM steht in der internationalen Diskussion als Leitbegriff für die Reform und Modernisierung von Staat und Verwaltung seit Beginn der 90er Jahre. Teilweise wird NPM als… …   Lexikon der Economics

  • Public management — considers that government and non profit administration resembles private sector management in some important ways. As such, there are management tools appropriate in public and in private domains, tools that maximize efficiency and effectiveness …   Wikipedia

  • Public Management — (etwa synonym mit zielorientierte Steuerung und Gestaltung von Staat und öffentlicher Verwaltung) ist eine interdisziplinäre Wissenschaft, welche den öffentlichen Sektor systematisch aus betriebswirtschaftlicher, sozialwissenschaftlicher und… …   Deutsch Wikipedia

  • New Public Administration — is an anti positivist, anti technical, and anti hierarchical reaction against traditional public administration. Contents 1 History 2 Themes 3 Criticism 4 Significance …   Wikipedia

  • Public Management — ⇡ New Public Management. Literatursuche zu  Public Management auf www.gabler.de …   Lexikon der Economics

Share the article and excerpts

Direct link
Do a right-click on the link above
and select “Copy Link”