Hemendranath Tagore

"This article is connected to Tagore family"

Hemendranath Tagore (1844-1884), Debendranath Tagore's third son, is notable for being the first ever Brahmo as he was the first child born in 1844 to any of the 21 Brahmos who swore the First Brahmo Covenant on 21 December 1843 at Kolkatta. An intensely private person, he was also well known as the strict disciplinarian entrusted with the responsibility of looking after the education of his younger brothers in addition to being administrator for the large family estates of Debendranath's branch of Tagore family. While alive, he was also the constant spiritual companion to his father Debendranath Tagore who founded Brahmoism and, despite his extreme youth, acted as the channel between his father and the seniors of the "Tattwabodhini Sabha". At the time of the First Brahmo Schism of 1865 he was responsible for expelling the non-Brahmin workers from the Calcutta Brahmo Samaj. The Adi Dharm religion is founded exclusively on his philosophy and is today the largest development from Brahmoism with over 8 million adherents in India.

Like most of Debendranath's children, he had varied interests in different fields and was a polymath and the Scientist of the family. He attended the Calcutta Medical College (established by his grandfather Dwarkanath Tagore) and wrote articles on physical science which he planned to compile and edit into a text book for school students. If his early death had not prevented him from completing the project,this would certainly have been the first science text book to be written in Bengali.

Built like a bull, he was known for his extraordinary physical strength and wrestling skills as also his expertise in martial arts like judo and ninjitsu. He was also an adept of ancient Raja Yoga at the highest levels with control over Time and Space. Exceptionally modern for the times, after siring 3 sons he sired only daughters thereafter and insisted on formal education for all of them. He not only put them through school but trained them in music, arts and European languages such as French and German.It was another mark of his forward looking mentality that he actively sought out eligible grooms from different provinces of India for his daughters and married them off in places as far away as UP and Assam. A staunch modernist, he instituted various financial trusts for the womenfolk of Tagore family (especially his sisters) and was responsible for settling the Shantiniketan estate near Bolpur which later evolved into Visva Bharati.

A practical and scientific humanist, He was deeply loved by the peasants of his estates in India and Bangladesh. After his death his brothers especially Rabindranath Tagore and Satyendranath Tagore revoked all the trusts, destroyed the papers of Dwarkanath Tagore, cheated their sisters from their patrimony, squandered the family money, and rack rented the peasantry who rose up in revolt.

Hemendranath and Tattwabodhini

A series of developments in Tattwabodhini Sabha after it's merger in 1843 with Calcutta Brahmo Samaj resulted in a select Brahmin group of the Tattwabodhini forming a reformist core which stood apart from Calcutta Brahmo Samaj during the fractious period of 1858 to 1865 to later emerge as Adi Dharm. This core was initially under Pt. Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar who later entrusted it to Hemendranath in 1859. Finally in 1865 Hemendranath took charge for firmly insisting on the expulsion of non-Brahmins from preaching posts in the religion. He thereafter organised researches in the formal practices, rituals and observances for Brahmo adherents which were privately circulated in early 1860 as Brahmo "Anusthan". This "Anusthan" was limited for the Brahmin families of the 1843 First Covenant only and was first used publicly in 26 July, 1861 for the marriage of his second sister Sukumari. The "Anusthan" involving discarding the sacred Brahmin thread created considerable controversy and was thereafter adopted for the non-Brahmins also with some small modifications who possessed no thread.

Vision of Brahma

Description of vision of Brahma in 1848:

Then I went out and sat underneath an ashvatta tree and according to the teaching of the saints began meditating on the Spirit of God dwelling within my soul. My mind was flooded with emotion, my eyes were filled with tears. All at once I saw the shining vision of Brahma in the lotus core of my heart. A thrill passed through my whole body, I felt a joy beyond all measure. But the next moment I could see Him no more. On losing sight of that beatific vision which destroys all sorrow, I suddenly rose from the ground. A great sadness came over my spirit. Then I tried to see Him again by force of contemplation, and found Him not. I became as one stricken with disease and would not be comforted. Meanwhile I suddenly heard a voice in the air, 'In this life thou shalt see Me no more. Those whose hearts have not been purified, who have not achieved the highest Yoga, cannot see Me. It was only to stimulate thy love that I once appeared before thee' [p.27 "Devendranath Tagore" - "A Source Book of Modern Hinduism" Glyn Richards 1996, ISBN 0700703179]

Children

Hitendranath (son), Kshitindranath (son), Ritendranath (son)Pratibha (daughter), Pragna (daughter), Abhi (daughter),Manisha (daughter), Shovana (daughter), Sushama (daughter)Sunrita (daughter), Sudakshina (daughter)

Kshitindranath was well known as official Historian of Adi Brahmo Samaj and editor of the Tattwabodhini journal, a duty carried on by grandson Commander Amritamoyi Mukherjee I.N. He tirelessly strove to unearth the Tagore family records which were "removed" by Satyendranath Tagore and his daughter Indira Devi from Jorasankoe.

Pratibha Debi married Ashutosh Chaudhuri. Their son Arya Chaudhuri studied architecture in England. [Selected letter of Rabindranath Tagore, 1997, ISBN 0521590183, edited Krishna Dutta, pagina 141,142]

Pragnasundari Debi married the most famous Assam author "Sahityarathi" Lakshminath Bezbarua (1868-1938) (whose father was the physician to the last Kings of Assam). "The inventive genius of Bezbarua who was an intellectual of the highest order and a humorist of considerable power ... his song "O Mor Aponar Desh" is the most popular Assamese patriotic song of all time" ["Encyclopedia of Indian Literature Volume 1, 1989, pagina 416-418.] and the de-facto anthem of Assam. Prajnasundari Debi (nee Tagore) was a literary phenomenon in her own right, her cookbook "Aamish O Niramish Ahar" (1900, reprinted 1995) was a standard given to every Bengali bride with her trousseau, and earning her the appellation "India's Mrs Beeton". From 1897-1902 Prajnasundari was the editor of the periodical "Punya", at first started as the in-house publication of "Thakur-bari". Containing fiction, poetry and domestic science an cooking, it was later edited by Hitendranath and Rithendranath Tagore.

Manisha Debi married D.N. Chatterjee a famous surgeon of Calcutta educated in Edinburgh, who later settled in Assam. Their daughter Dipty Chaudhuri married into the family of Pandit Navin Chandra Ray the famous Adi Dharm social reformer of Punjab.

ee also

* Adi Dharm
* Brahmoism

References