1986 Commonwealth Games

13th Commonwealth Games
Host city	Edinburgh, Scotland
Nations participating	27 nations of the Commonwealth
Athletes participating	1,660
Events	165 events in 10 sports
Opening ceremony	24 July 1986
Closing ceremony	2 August 1986
Main Stadium	Meadowbank Stadium

The 1986 Commonwealth Games were held in Edinburgh, Scotland for the second time. The Games were held from 24 July-2 August 1986.

Organisation and Controversy

Despite the popular success of the previous 1970 British Commonwealth Games in Edinburgh, the 1986 Games are remembered with considerable notoriety due to a large political boycott and financial mismanagement.

The games were boycotted by a large number of African, Asian and Caribbean countries, reducing them almost to a whites-only affair. In all 32 of the 59 Commonwealth nations due to take part boycotted the Games, the lowest turnout since 1950, to protest the Thatcher Government's attitude towards British sporting links with apartheid-era South Africa.

Further controversy came about when it was revealed that due to the lack of participation and associated decline in anticipated broadcasting and sponsorship revenues, the Organising Committee was facing a serious financial black hole, and the boycott ended any prospect of securing emergency government assistance. Businessman Robert Maxwell stepped in to offer funding, taking over as chairman, but despite promising to invest £2m, Maxwell's contribution was just £250,000. On a budget of £14m, the Games opened with a deficit of £3m, which later grew to £4.3m, and instead of putting enough money into the event to save it, the new chairman of the Games asked creditors to forgo half the payment due to them to keep the event out of liquidation. The debt was finally paid off in 1989, with the city of Edinburgh losing approximately £500,000. [1]

Several participants were excluded because they breached the amateurism rules, most notably lawn bowlers Phil Skoglund from New Zealand and Willie Wood from Scotland, both of whom have competed in subsequent games.

Participating Countries

Participating countries

Because of the boycott only 28 countries took part in the games with the Maldives and Norfolk Island making their first appearance in the games.

Cayman Islands  Cook Islands Samoa  Norfolk Island  Fiji  Gibraltar  Lesotho  Malta  Swaziland  Falkland Islands  Vanuatu  Maldives

Singapore  England  Canada  Australia  New Zealand  Wales  Scotland  Northern Ireland  Isle of Man  Guernsey  Hong Kong

Malawi  Botswana  Jersey

 Bermuda (Took part in opening ceremony but boycotted rest of the games)

Opening Ceremony

The theme of the opening ceremony celebrated the "Spirit of Youth", and included 6500 Scottish schoolchildren taking part in a series of large Mass Games-style Gymnastics routines. The theme song "Spirit of Youth" was written by Gerard Kenny. The ceremony began on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle with hundreds of schoolchildren running from there down the Royal Mile, through Holyrood Park to Meadowbank Stadium[2]. The Bermudan team took part in the opening ceremony, before being ordered to boycott the games and leave.

Venues

• Meadowbank Stadium
• Royal Commonwealth Pool
• Strathclyde Park
• Barry Buddon
• Balgreen, Bowls

Sponsors

• Allied Lyons - Bell's, Gordon's, Harp Lager, Johnnie Walker Red Label, Kailber, White Horse (whisky), Wimpy
• Bhs
• British Caledonian
• British Gas
• British Telecom
• Coca-Cola
• De La Rue
• Dewar's
• Elf Aquitaine UK
• Europcar
• Ford
• McEwan's
• Mirror Group - Daily Mirror, Daily Record (Scotland), Sunday Mail, Daily Mirror, The People, The Sporting Life
• Nissan
• Omega SA (Timing)
• Rank Xerox
• Rover Group
• Royal Dutch Shell
• Royal Mail
• Safeway (UK)
• WANG Computers

Medals by country

This is the last Commonwealth Games to date in which Australia did not top the medal rankings.

Rank	Nation	Gold	Silver	Bronze	Total
1	England	52	43	49	144
2	Canada	51	34	31	116
3	Australia	40	46	35	121
4	New Zealand	8	16	14	38
5	Wales	6	5	12	23
6	Scotland	3	12	18	33
7	Northern Ireland	2	4	9	15
8	Isle of Man	1	0	0	1
9	Guernsey	0	2	0	2
10	Swaziland	0	1	0	1
11	Hong Kong	0	0	3	3
12	Malawi	0	0	2	2
13	Botswana	0	0	1	1
	Jersey	0	0	1	1
	Singapore	0	0	1	1
Total		163	163	176	502

Medals by event

Aquatics

Main article: Aquatics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Athletics

Main article: Athletics at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Badminton

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Mixed
Mixed Team	England	Canada	Australia
Mixed Doubles	Australia Mike Scandolera Audrey Tucker	England Andy Goode Fiona Elliott	Scotland Billy Gilliland Christine Heatly
Men
Men's Singles	Steve Baddeley (ENG)	Sze Yu (AUS)	Nick Yates (ENG)
Men's Doubles	Scotland Billy Gilliland Dan Travers	England Andy Goode Nigel Tier	New Zealand Kerrin Harrison Glenn Stewart
Women
Women's Singles	Helen Troke (ENG)	Fiona Elliott (ENG)	Gillian Clark (ENG)
Women's Doubles	England Gillian Clark Gillian Gowers	Canada Johanne Falardeau Denyse Julian	England Fiona Elliott Helen Troke

Bowls

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Men
Singles	Ian Dickison (NZL)	Ian Schuback (AUS)	Richard Corsie (SCO)
Pairs	Scotland George Adrain Grant Knox	Canada Bill Boettger Ronnie Jones	England Chris Ward David Ward
Fours	Wales	Canada	Northern Ireland
Women
Singles	Wendy Line (ENG)	Senga McCrone (SCO)	Flora Anderson (BOT)
Pairs	Northern Ireland Freda Elliott Margaret Johnston	Guernsey Janet Nicolle Marie Smith	England Betty Stubbings Jean Valls
Fours	Wales	Australia	England

Boxing

Main article: Boxing at the 1986 Commonwealth Games

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Light Flyweight	Scott Olson (CAN)	Mark Epton (ENG)	Johnston Todd (NIR) Wilson Docherty (SCO)
Flyweight	John Lyon (ENG)	Leonard Makhanya (SWZ)	Kerry Webber (WAL) Steve Beaupré (CAN)
Bantamweight	Sean Murphy (ENG)	Roy Nash (NIR)	Glen Brooks (SCO) John Sollitoe (JER)
Featherweight	Billy Downey (CAN)	Peter English (ENG)	Chris Carleton (NIR) Johnny Wallace (NZL)
Lightweight	Asif Dar (CAN)	Neil Haddock (WAL)	Byton Mphande (MAW) Joe Jacobs (ENG)
Light Welterweight	Howard Grant (CAN)	David Clencie (AUS)	Brendan Lowe (NIR) Solomon Kondowe (MAW)
Welterweight	Darren Dyer (ENG)	John McAllister (SCO)	John Shaw (CAN) Damien Denny (NIR)
Light Middleweight	Dan Sherry (CAN)	Rick Finch (AUS)	Glynn Thomas (WAL) Alex Mullen (SCO)
Middleweight	Rod Douglas (ENG)	Jeff Harding (AUS)	Patrick Tinney (NIR) George Ferrie (SCO)
Light Heavyweight	Jim Moran (ENG)	Harry Lawson (SCO)	Brett Kosolofski (CAN)
Heavyweight	Jimmy Thunder Peau (NZL)	Douggie Young (SCO)	Dominic D'Amico (CAN) Eric Cardouza (ENG)
Super Heavyweight	Lennox Lewis (CAN)	Aneurin Evans (WAL)	James Oyebola (ENG)

Cycling

Track

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men
Time Trial	Martin Vinnicombe (AUS)	00:01:06	Gary Anderson (NZL)	00:01:06	Maxwell Rainsford (AUS)	00:01:07
Sprint	Gary Neiwand (AUS)		Alex Ongaro (CAN)		Eddie Alexander (SCO)
Individual Pursuit	Dean Woods (AUS)	00:04:44	Colin Sturgess (ENG)	00:04:51	Gary Anderson (NZL)	00:04:54
Team Pursuit	Australia Glenn Clarke Brett Dutton Bill Hardy Wayne McCarney Dean Woods	00:04:27	New Zealand Gary Anderson Russell Clune Stephen Swart Andrew Whitford	00:04:34	England Chris Boardman Gary Colman Rob Muzio Jon Walsha m	overtaken
10 Miles (16 Kilometres) Scratch	Wayne McCarney (AUS)	00:19:41	Dean Woods (AUS)	00:19:41	Gary Anderson (NZL)	00:19:41

Road

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men
Road Race	Paul Curran (ENG)	04:08:50	Brian Fowler (NZL)	04:08:50	Jeff Leslie (AUS)	04:08:50
Team Time Trial	England	02:13:16	New Zealand	02:14:50	Northern Ireland	02:16:13

Rowing

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men
Single Sculls	England Steve Redgrave	00:07:28	Australia Richard Powell	00:07:33	New Zealand Eric Verdonk	00:07:39
Double Sculls	Canada Bruce Ford Pat Walter	00:06:19	Australia Paul Reedy Brenton Terrell	00:06:21	England Carl Smith Alan Whitwell	00:06:34
Coxless Pairs	England Andy Holmes Steve Redgrave	00:06:40	New Zealand Barrie Mabbott Ian Wright	00:06:43	Scotland Ewan Stuart David Riches	00:06:43
Coxless Fours	Canada Grant Mann Kevin Neufeld Paul Steele Pat Turner	00:06:01	New Zealand Andrew Stevenson Shane O'Brien Neil Gibson Don Symon	00:06:01	England Graham Faultless Richard Ireland Mostyn Field Humphrey Hatton	00:06:06
Coxed Fours	England Martin Cross Adam Clift Andy Holmes Steve Redgrave Adrian Ellison	00:06:08	New Zealand Nigel Atherfold Chris White Greg Johnston Bruce Holden Andrew Bird	00:06:10	Australia Mark Doyle James Galloway Michael McKay James Tomkins Dale Caterson	00:06:11
Eights	Australia	00:05:44	England	00:05:46	New Zealand	00:05:48
Lightweight Single Sculls	Australia Peter Antonie	00:07:16	Canada Peter Tattersall	00:07:27	England Carl Smith	00:07:27
Lightweight Coxless Fours	England Christopher Bates Peter Haining Neil Staite Stuart Forbes	00:06:26	Australia Simon Cook Brian Digby Merrick Howes Joseph Joyce	00:06:28	Canada Dave Henry Brian Peaker Bob Thomas Ryan Tierney	00:06:36
Women
Single Sculls	New Zealand Stephanie Foster	00:07:43	Canada Lisa Wright	00:07:49	England Gillian Bond	00:07:53
Double Sculls	New Zealand Stephanie Foster Robin Clarke	00:07:22	Canada Heather Clarke Lisa Robertson	00:07:49	England Diane Prince Claire Parker	00:07:55
Coxless Pairs	Canada Kathryn Barr Andrea Schreiner	00:07:35	England Pauline Bird Fiona Johnson	00:07:42	Australia Catherine Hall Alison Smith	00:07:53
Coxed Fours	Canada Tina Clarke Tricia Smith Lesley Thompson Jane Tregunno Jenny Wallinga	00:06:50	Australia Debbie Bassett Susan Chapman-Popa Robyn Grey-Gardner Marilyn Kidd Kaylynn Fry	00:06:54	England Joanne Gough Elizabeth Callaway Kate Holroyd Patricia Reid Alison Norrish	00:07:06
Eights	Australia	00:06:44	England	00:06:46	Canada	NTT
Lightweight Single Sculls	Australia Adair Ferguson	00:07:45	New Zealand Philippa Baker	00:07:46	Canada Heather Hattin	00:07:52
Lightweight Coxless Fours	England Alexa Forbes Gillian Hodges Linda Clark Judith Burne	00:06:55	Australia Deborah Clingeleffer Amanda Cross Virginia Lee Karin Riedel	00:07:00	Canada Anne Drost Marni Hamilton Marlene van der Horst Wendy Wiebe	00:07:01

Shooting

Pistol

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men/Open
Free Pistol	Greg Yelavich (NZL)	551	Phil Adams (AUS) Ho Kar Fai (HKG)	549
Free Pistol - Pairs	Canada Tom Guinn Claude Beaulieu	1099	England Paul Leatherdale Richard Wang	1090	Australia Phil Adams Bengt Sandström (AUS)  Hong Kong	1085
Centre-Fire Pistol	Bob Northover (ENG)	583	Phil Adams (AUS)	582	Rod Hack (AUS)	580
Centre-Fire Pistol - Pairs	Phil Adams Rod Hack (AUS)	1165	Bob Northover Michael Cutler (ENG)	1157	Rex Hamilton Barry O'Neale (NZL)	1153
Rapid-Fire Pistol	Pat Murray (AUS)	591	Adrian Breton (GUE)	588	Mark Howkins (CAN)	585
Rapid-Fire Pistol - Pairs	Brian Girling Terry Turner (ENG)	1169	Pat Murray Jack Mast (AUS)	1152	Mark Howkins André Chevrefils (CAN)	1150
Air Pistol	Greg Yelavich (NZL)	575	Tom Guinn (CAN)	574	Gilbert U (HKG)	574
Air Pistol - Pairs	England Paul Leatherdale Ian Reid	1143	Australia Phil Adams Bruce Favell	1143	New Zealand Greg Yelavich Barrie Wickens	1140

Rifle

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men/Open
Small Bore Rifle, Prone	Alan Smith (AUS)	599	Alister Allan (SCO)	598	Gale Stewart (CAN) John Knowles (SCO)	597
Small Bore Rifle, Prone - Pairs	Canada Michael Ashcroft Gale Stewart	1175	Australia Donald Brook Alan Smith	1171	Wales Terry Wakefield Colin Harris	1165
Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions	Malcolm Cooper (ENG)	1170	Alister Allan (SCO)	1167	Jean-François Sénécal (CAN)	1150
Small Bore Rifle, Three Positions - Pairs	England Malcolm Cooper Sarah Cooper	2278	Canada Jean-François Sénécal Michael Dion	2276	Scotland Alister Allan Bill MacNeill	2241
Full Bore Rifle	Stan Golinski (AUS)	396	Alain Marion (CAN)	396	John Bloomfield (ENG)	395
Full Bore Rifle - Pairs	Canada Bill Baldwin Alain Marion	583	Australia James Corbett Stan Golinski	583	Northern Ireland David Calvert Martin Millar	582
Air Rifle	Guy Lorion (CAN)	588	Sharon Bowes (CAN)	583	Malcolm Cooper (ENG)	582
Air Rifle - Pairs	Canada Guy Lorion Sharon Bowes	1167	Australia Wolfgang Jobst Anton Wurfel	1151	England Malcolm Cooper Robert Smith	1146

Shotgun

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men/Open
Trap	Ian Peel (ENG)	195	Peter Boden (ENG)	192	Roland Phillips (WAL)	192
Trap - Pairs	England Peter Boden Ian Peel	185	Northern Ireland Tom Hewitt Eamon Furphy	183	Australia Terry Rumbel Domingo Diaz	183
Skeet	Nigel Kelly (IOM)	196	Joe Neville (ENG) Brian Gabriel (CAN)	195
Skeet - Pairs	England Joe Neville Ken Harman	195	Canada Brian Gabriel Don Kwasyncia	193	New Zealand John Woolley Jeff Farrell	189

Weightlifting

Event	Gold		Silver		Bronze
Men
Flyweight - Overall	Greg Hayman (AUS)	212.5	Charlie Revolta (SCO)	185	Alan Ogilvie (SCO)	177.5
Bantamweight - Overall	Nick Voukelatos (AUS)	245	Clayton Chelley (NZL)	217.5	Teo Yong Joo (SIN)	215
Featherweight - Overall	Ray Williams (WAL)	252.5	David Lowenstein (AUS)	250	Jeffrey Brice (WAL)	235
Lightweight - Overall	Dean Willey (ENG)	315	Ron Laycock (AUS)	307.5	Langis Côté (CAN)	290
Middleweight - Overall	Bill Stellios (AUS)	302.5	Louis Payer (CAN)	300	Neil Taylor (WAL)	270
Light Heavyweight - Overall	David Morgan (WAL)	350	Robert Kabbas (AUS)	325	Peter May (ENG)	317.5
Middle Heavyweight - Overall	Keith Boxell (ENG)	350	David Mercer (ENG)	342.5	Guy Greavette (CAN)	340
Sub Heavyweight - Overall	Denis Garon (CAN)	360	Duncan Dawkins (ENG)	332.5	Andrew Saxton (ENG)	327.5
Heavyweight - Overall	Kevin Roy (CAN)	375	Gino Frantangelo (AUS)	372.5	Andrew Davies (WAL)	370
Super Heavyweight - Overall	Dean Lukin (AUS)	392.5	David Bolduc (CAN)	347.5	Charles Garzarella (AUS)	342.5

Wrestling

Event	Gold	Silver	Bronze
Men
Light Flyweight	Ron Moncur (CAN)	Duncan Burns (ENG)	David Connelly (SCO)
Flyweight	Chris Woodcroft (CAN)	James McAlary (AUS)	Nigel Donahue (ENG)
Bantamweight	Mitch Ostberg (CAN)	Steve Reinsfield (NZL)	Brian Aspen (ENG)
Featherweight	Paul Hughes (CAN)	Dan Cumming (AUS)	Stephen Bell (NZL)
Lightweight	Dave McKay (CAN)	Zsigmund Kelevitz (AUS)	Stephen Cooper (ENG)
Welterweight	Gary Holmes (CAN)	George Marsh (AUS)	Fitzlloyd Walker (ENG)
Middleweight	Chris Rinke (CAN)	Wally Koenig (AUS)	Anthony Bell (ENG)
Light Heavyweight	Noel Loban (ENG)	Doug Cox (CAN)	Graeme English (SCO)
Heavyweight	Clark Davis (CAN)	Robert Algie (NZL)	David Kilpin (ENG)
Super Heavyweight	Wayne Brightwell (CAN)	Albert Patrick (SCO)	Keith Peache (ENG)

External links

• Commonwealth Games Official Site
• 1986 Commonwealth Games - Australian Commonwealth Games website
• Video of the Opening Ceremony