Население Ирана

Этно-религиозные группы Ирана 2004 г.

Общая численность населения Ирана — 78 868 711 человек (2012)^[1]. Примерно половина населения — персы, подавляющее большинство — мусульмане-шииты. Четверть иранцев — моложе 15 лет.

Национальный состав

Большинство населения Ирана — этнические персы (по разным оценкам от 36 %^[2] до 61 %^[1]). Персы проживают на территории всего Ирана, говорят на персидском языке, являющимся государственным. Их историческая родина — провинция Парс.

Вторая по численности этническая группа — азербайджанцы (по разным оценкам от 16 %^[1] до 45 %^[3][4]), проживающие главным образом на северо-западе страны, в так называемом Южном Азербайджане (Западный Азербайджан, Восточный Азербайджан, Зенджан, Ардебиль). Азербайджанцы являются единственным крупным национальным меньшинством, не принадлежащим к иранской языковой семье, говорят на азербайджанском языке. Некоторые ^{[какие?]} этнографы склонны разделять северную и южную часть азербайджанского этноса, поскольку иранские азербайджанцы подверглись гораздо более серьёзному влиянию ираноязычных народов, чем проживающие в Республике Азербайджан.

Курды составляют около 7 %^[5]-10 %^[1] населения Ирана. Они проживают на западе страны, в провинциях Курдистан, Западный Азербайджан^[6], Керманшах.

На севере Ирана, вдоль берегов Каспийского моря проживают талыши, гилянцы и мазендеранцы (около 7 %^[1]).

К прочим национальным меньшинствам относятся: луры, белуджи^[7], арабы^[8][9], туркмены^[10][11], армяне^[12].

Религиозный состав

Большинство иранцев — мусульмане. 89 %^[1] — шииты, 9 %^[1] — сунниты. К остальным 2 % относятся христиане, зороастрийцы, иудеи, бахаи^[1].

Численность населения:

Год	Население
1000 до н. э.	1 000 000
1	10 000 000
200	5 000 000
500	5 000 000
1000	4 500 000
1200	6 000 000
1500	4 000 000
1800	7 000 000
1900	9 860 000
2000	66 184 084
2011	77 891 220
2012	78 868 711

См. также

• Религия в Иране

Примечания

1. ↑ ^{1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8} Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)-The World Factbook: Iran population:…Ethnic groups:Persian 61 %, Azeri 16 %, Kurd 10 %, Lur 6 %, Baloch 2 %, Arab 2 %, Turkmen and Turkic tribes 2 %, other 1 % (2008 est.)…Population:78,868,711 (July 2012 est.)…Languages:Persian (official) 53 %, Azeri Turkic and Turkic dialects 18 %, Kurdish 10 %, Gilaki and Mazandarani 7 %, Luri 6 %, Balochi 2 %, Arabic 2 %, other 2 % (2008 est.)…Religions:Muslim (official) 98 % (Shia 89 %, Sunni 9 %), other (includes Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian, and Baha’i) 2 %.
2. ↑ Ethnologue 14 report for İran (published in 2000)-Farsi, Western или Ethnologue 15 report for İran (published in 2005)-Farsi, Western или Ethnologue 16 report for İran (published in 2009)-Farsi, Western
3. ↑ Event Report, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University (For Academic Citation : Nassibli, Nasib L. "Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary)): Azerbaijan- Iran Relations: Challenges and Prospects (Event Summary):..South Azerbaijan consists of Ardabil, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Zenjan, Hamadan Ostans (provinces) and adjacent areas of Astara, Qazvin and other territories. The size of these territories is estimated at approximately 170.000 square kilometers (the territory of North Azerbaijan is half this— i.e., 86,600 sq. km). Turks dominate the national composition of the Azerbaijani provinces in Iran — making up more than 90 % of the population in these areas…It is difficult to determine the exact number of Azerbaijani Turks in Iran. Official statistics do not state the national composition of Iran. According to our research, based on the official statistics, the Azerbaijani Turks comprise nearly 40 % of the population of Iran. This is 75 % of all the Azerbaijani Turks in the world.
4. ↑ Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (UNPO): Southern Azerbaijan:…The members of the population in Iran (all population in 66 million) of Azerbaijani descent is estimated to be around 30 million .Many immigrants from the Southern Azerbaijani territory have moved to other parts of Iran such as Teheran. At present, nearly 8 million Southern Azerbaijanis live outside Southern Azerbaijan, where more than a million of them are political immigrants, living in Europe and America. A million of them live in southern Iran while 6 million live in the city of Tehran . In Iran Azerbaijani Turkish is spoken by 25-30 % of the population (15-20 million people). It is a Turkic language that is similar to the language spoke by the Turkish and Iraqi Turkmen, and distinct from the Iranian state language, Farsi.
5. ↑ Federation of American Scientists:…Population: 70.5 million (2007 est.)Persians, who constitute 51 % of Iran’s population, dominate the central government of Iran.Roughly one out of every four Iranians is Azeri, making it Iran’s largest ethnic minority at over 18 million (some Azeris put the number higher). The Turkic-speaking Azeri community is predominantly Shiite and resides mainly in northwest Iran along the border with Azerbaijan (whose inhabitants are more secular than their Azeri cousins in Iran) and in Tehran. Although they have grievances with the current regime in Tehran, most Azeris say they are not treated as second-class citizens and are more integrated into Iranian society, business, and politics (the Supreme Leader is an ethnic Azeri) than other minorities. Predominantly Sunni Muslim, the Kurds reside mainly in the northwest part of the country (so-called Iranian Kurdistan) and comprise around 7 % of Iran’s population. There are roughly 4 million Kurds living in Iran, compared to 12 million in Turkey and 6 million in Iraq. Unlike Iran’s other minorities, many of its Kurds harbor separatist tendencies. Along the Iranian-Iraqi border in southwest Iran is a population of some three million Arabs, predominantly Shiite. Arabs, whose presence in Iran stretches back 12 centuries, co-mingle freely with the local populations of Turks and Persians. Iran has roughly 1.4 million Baluchis, comprising 2 % of its population. Predominantly Sunni, they reside in the Iranian section of an area known as Baluchistan, a region divided between Pakistan and Iran.
6. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code: kmr
7. ↑ UNPO — West Balochistan
8. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code: afb
9. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code: acm
10. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code: tuk
11. ↑ Joshua Project — Turkmen, Turkomani of Iran Ethnic People Profile
12. ↑ Ethnologue report for language code: hye